Comparing jurisdictions

Lawyer

In common law, the notion of magistrate as it is used in French doesn’t exist, only that of lawyer.
In the USA, when law students are admitted to the Bar after an examination, they can work in the public prosecutor’s office and represent the State, or enter a lawyer’s firm, or work alone. After several years’ experience, they may become judges. It is more or less the same principle in England.
In Australia and in England, lawyers wear a costume similar to their French counterparts: a black gown, with a white wing collar. They also wear wigs.
American lawyers do not wear gowns.